GOAL: The goal of the Gross Anatomy Course in the first year medical curriculum is to provide students with a core of anatomical information acquired both in the lecture and laboratory setting. As part of this educational process, students will be challenged throughout the course to apply the basic anatomical information they have acquired to solving clinical problems. The following objectives are intended to aid students in accomplishing these goals as they progress logically through the body
OBJECTIVES:
UNIT I: BACK
Upon completion of this unit, the student should be able to:
1. Describe a typical spinal nerve.
2. Identify the various components of a typical vertebra and the regional differences among vertebrae.
3. Identify the blood vessels supplying the skin and muscles of the back.
4. Describe the superficial and deep muscles of the back as well as the muscles of the back of the neck and the suboccipital region.
5. Identify the nerves innervating the skin and muscles of the back.
6. Identify the layers of the spinal cord coverings and other related structures such as the cauda equina, dorsal and ventral roots, dorsal root ganglia, denticulate ligaments, etc.
7. Visualize and relate structures of the back with respect to adjacent structures.
UNIT II: THORAX
Upon completion of this unit, the student should be able to:
1. Identify all bones found in this region and discuss the role of any associated tuberosities, grooves, etc.
2. Describe the muscles of the pectoral region.
3. Identify the blood vessels and nerves associated with the pectoral region
4. Understand the basic structure of the breast and its lymphatic drainage.
5. Identify the muscles associated with the anterior chest wall.
6. Delineate the branches of the superior vena cava and the arch of the aorta.
7. Identify the structures posterior to the heart and the great vessels.
8. Identify the nerves innervating the structures of the thorax.
9. Examine the lungs and identify the lobes, hilar structures, impressions made by nearby structures, and be able to describe a bronchopulmonary segment.
10. Examine the thoracic components of the sympathetic nervous system including white and grey rami, chain ganglia, sympathetic trunk, and splanchnic nerves.
11. Describe the lymphatic drainage as it relates to the structures in this region.
12. Visualize and relate structures of the thorax with respect to adjacent structures.
UNIT III: ABDOMEN
Abdominal Wall
Upon completion of this unit, the student should be able to:
1. Identify all bones found in this region and discuss the role of any associated tuberocities, grooves, etc.
2. Characterize the fascial layers of the anterior abdominal wall.
3. Differentiate between thoracic nerves and lumbar nerves supplying the abdominal wall.
4. Identify the muscles of the anterior abdominal wall.
5. Describe the layers composing the rectus sheath.
6. Identify the origin and distribution of blood vessels supplying the anterior abdominal wall.
7. Recognize and describe the inguinal ligament, superficial and deep inguinal rings, and the conjoint tendon.
8. Visualize and relate structures of the anterior abdominal wall with respect to adjacent structures.
Abdominal Cavity
Upon completion of this unit, the student should be able to:
1. Outline the embryonic development of the greater and lesser sacs of the peritoneal cavity.
2. Differentiate the structure and function of the lesser omentum from those of the greater omentum.
3. Characterize the epiploic foramen in terms of its significance and relationship to surrounding structures.
4. List the subdivisions of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract from the pharynx to the anal canal.
5. Identify the parts of the GI tract that have mesentery and those that are retroperitoneal (primary or secondary).
6. Describe the clinical significance of the peritoneal gutters.
7. Delineate the branches of the celiac trunk, the superior mesenteric artery, and the inferior mesenteric artery.
8. Diagram the venous network of the portal system.
9. Identify three areas that are drained by both the portal and caval systems.
10. Identify structures related to the pancreas and duodenum.
11. Describe the lymphatic drainage as it relates to the structures in this region.
12. Visualize and relate structures in the abdominal cavity with respect to adjacent structures.
Posterior Abdominal Wall
Upon completion of this unit, the student should be able to:
1. Identify all bones found in this region and discuss the role of any associated tuberosities, grooves, etc.
2. Identify the origins of both renal (left and right) and testicular (or ovarian) arteries and veins
3. Characterize the fascial and capsular layers surrounding the kidneys.
4. Name and identify the structures coursing on the posterior abdominal wall to enter the pelvis.
5. Describe the components of the diaphragm and its attachments.
6. Associate the muscles in the posterior abdominal wall with their attachments.
7. Draw a schematic diagram of the lumbar plexus.
8. Describe the lymphatic drainage as it relates to the structures in this region.
9. Visualize and draw structures of the posterior abdominal wall with respect to adjacent structures.
UNIT IV: PELVIS
Upon completion of this unit, the student should be able to:
1. Identify the bones and ligaments forming the pelvis.
2. Name and identify the major foramina of the bony pelvis.
3. Differentiate between the true pelvis and the false pelvis in terms of their structures and locations.
4. Name and identify the blood vessels that pass from the posterior abdominal wall into the pelvis.
5. Identify the branches of the anterior and posterior divisions of the internal iliac artery.
6. Relate the muscles of the pelvic wall and floor to one another and to their attachments.
7. Differentiate between the pelvic diaphragm and the UG (urogenital) diaphragm.
8. Compare the organs in the female pelvis with those in the male pelvis.
9. Describe the clinical significance of the peritoneal fossae related to the uterus.
10. Describe the lymphatic drainage as it relates to the structures in this region.
11. Visualize and relate structures of the male and female pelvis with respect to adjacent structures.
UNIT V: PERINEUM
Upon completion of this unit, the student should be able to:
1. Identify all bones found in this region and discuss the role of any associated tuberosities, grooves, etc.
2. Describe the boundaries and regions of the perineum.
3. Identify the muscles of the male and female perineum and their attachments.
4. Differentiate between the urogenital (UG) triangle and the anal triangle.
5. Identify the blood vessels and nerves supplying the structures of the perineum.
6. Identify other regions into which the superficial fascial layers of the perineum are continuous.
7. Identify the major arteries supplying the perineum.
8. Describe the lymphatic drainage as it relates to the structures in this region.
9. Visualize and relate structures of the male and female perineum with respect to adjacent structures.
UNIT VI: LOWER LIMB
Thigh and Gluteal Regions
Upon completion of this unit, the student should be able to:
1. Identify all bones found in this region and discuss the role of all associated tuberosities, grooves, etc.
2. Describe the muscles in the anterior, medial, and posterior compartments of the thigh and the gluteal region.
3. Trace the nerves and blood vessels supplying the anterior, medial, and posterior compartments of the thigh and the gluteal region.
4. Visualize and relate structures of the thigh and the gluteal region with respect to adjacent structures.
Popliteal Fossa and Leg
Upon completion of this unit, the student should be able to:
1. Identify all bones found in this region and discuss the role of any associated tuberosities, grooves, etc.
2. Describe the muscles in the posterior, lateral, and medial compartments of the leg.
3. Delineate the structural boundaries of the popliteal fossa.
4. Name and identify the contents of the neurovascular bundles of the posterior, lateral and anterior compartments of the leg.
5. Sketch the collateral circulation around the knee.
6. Visualize and relate structures of the popliteal fossa and leg with respect to adjacent structures.
Ankle and Foot
Upon completion of this unit, the student should be able to:
1. Identify all bones found in this region and discuss the role of any associated tuberosities, grooves, etc.
2. Name and identify the structures passing through the anterior aspect of the ankle from the anterior compartment of the leg to the dorsum of the foot.
3. Name and identify the muscles and tendons on the lateral and medial aspects of the ankle.
4. Classify the muscles and tendons on the dorsal and plantar aspects of the foot according to the layer in which each is located.
5. Identify the blood vessels and nerves supplying the structures of the ankle and foot.
6. Identify the source of innervation for the intrinsic muscles of the foot.
7. Describe the branches and termination of the dorsalis pedis artery.
8. Visualize and relate structures of the ankle and foot with respect to adjacent structures.
Lower Limb Joints
Upon completion of this unit, the student should be able to:
1. Identify the various ligaments, bones, and other structures associated with each joint.
2. Describe the movements occurring at each joint.
3. Discuss the arterial and nerve supply of each of the joints.
UNIT VII: UPPER LIMB
Scapular and Deltoid Regions
Upon completion of this unit, the student should be able to:
1. Identify all bones found in this region and discuss the role of any associated tuberosities, grooves, etc.
2. Describe muscles of the shoulder region.
3. Identify the boundaries and contents of the quadrangular space and triangular space.
4. Recognize shoulder muscles comprising the rotator cuff.
5. Describe the collateral circulation around the shoulder and its clinical significance.
6. Visualize and relate specific structures of the scapular and deltoid regions with respect to adjacent structures.
Pectoral Region and Axilla
Upon completion of this unit, the student should be able to:
1. Identify all the bones found in this region and discuss the role of any associated tuberosities, grooves, etc.
2. Describe the muscles of the pectoral region in terms of their attachments, innervations, and blood supplies.
3. Delineate the medial, anterior, posterior, and lateral boundaries of the axilla.
4. Identify the blood vessels supplying the structures of the pectoral region, axilla, and upper arm.
5. Name the branches of the axillary artery.
6. Visualize and relate structures of the pectoral region and axilla with respect to adjacent structures.
Arm
Upon completion of this unit, the student should be able to:
1. Identify all bones found in this region and discuss the role of any associated tuberosities, grooves, etc.
2. Describe the muscles in the anterior and posterior compartments of the arm.
3. Discuss the significance of the bicipital aponeurosis.
4. Identify nerves and blood vessels supplying the arm.
5. Discuss the significance of collateral circulation at the elbow.
6. Visualize and relate the structures of the arm with respect to adjacent structures.
Forearm
Upon completion of this unit, the student should be able to:
1. Identify all bones found in this region and discuss the role of any associated tuberosities, grooves, etc.
2. Describe the muscles in the anterior and posterior compartments of the forearm.
3. Identify the blood vessels and nerves supplying the forearm.
4. Visualize and relate structures of the forearm with respect to adjacent structures.
Hand
Upon completion of this unit, the student should be able to:
1. Identify all bones found in this region and discuss the role of any associated tuberosities, grooves, etc.
2. Describe the muscles in the hand.
3. Describe the blood supply to the hand.
4. Discuss the innervation of each of the hand muscles.
5. Visualize and relate structures of the hand with respect to adjacent structures.
Upper Limb Joints
Upon completion of this unit, the student should be able to:
1. Identify the various ligaments, bones, and other structures associated with each joint.
2. Describe the movements occurring at each joint.
3. Discuss the arterial and nerve supply of each of the joints.
UNIT VIII: HEAD AND NECK
Superficial Face and Head
Upon completion of this unit, the student should be able to:
1. Identify the various bones of the skull and face.
2. Identify the principal openings associated with these bones and the structures which traverse them.
3. Describe the cutaneous innervation, blood, supply and the lymphatic drainage of the face and head.
4. Describe the important muscles of the face and scalp.
5. Visualize and relate structures of the face and head with respect to adjacent structures.
6. Cranial Vault and Base of the Brain
7. Upon completion of this unit, the student should be able to:
8. Identify the bones forming the cranial vault.
9. Describe the three cranial fossae and their contents.
10. Characterize each cranial nerve according to its classification, functions, and exit points from the brain and skull.
11. Identify the coverings of the brain and their associated structures.
12. Identify the dural venous sinuses.
13. Identify the components of the circle of Willis.
14. Visualize and relate structures of the cranial vault and base of the brain with respect to adjacent structures.
Orbit
Upon completion of this unit, the student should be able to:
1. Identify the bones which take part in the formation of the orbit.
2. Identify the muscles contained in the orbit and understand their actions and nerve supply.
3. Identify and be able to discuss the origin and destination of all nerves in the orbit.
4. Discuss the sympathetic and parasympathetic innervation of the eyeball including the ciliary ganglion.
5. Describe the vasculature associated with the orbit.
6. Identify and/or describe all of the fascial specializations and glands associated with the orbit.
7. Describe the eyelid.
8. Visualize and relate structures of the orbit and eyeball with respect to adjacent structures.
Ear
Upon completion of this unit, the student should be able to:
1. Identify and describe the location and general features of the external ear and middle ear.
2. Identify and describe the blood vessels and nerves supplying the external ear and middle ear.
3. Identify the contents of the middle ear and their relation to each other and to the walls of the middle ear.
Parotid Region and Infratemporal Fossa
Upon completion of this unit, the student should be able to:
1. Identify and describe the structures, including arteries and nerves, associated with the parotid region.
2. Identify and describe the muscles of mastication.
3. Identify the branches of the maxillary artery.
4. Identify the nerves associated with the infratemporal fossa.
5. List the nerve fibers that pass through or synapse in the otic ganglion.
6. Describe the basic structures associated with the temporomandibular joint.
7. Visualize and relate structures of the parotid region and infratemporal fossa with respect to adjacent structures.
General Features of Neck
Upon completion of this unit, the student should be able to:
1. Delineate the structural boundaries of the anterior and posterior triangles of the neck.
2. Classify the subdividions of the anterior and posterior triangles according to their anatomical boundaries and contents.
3. Describe the fascial arrangements of the neck.
4. Identify the superficial and deep structures of the anterior and posterior triangles.
5. Identify the locations of the sympathetic ganglia in the neck.
6. Identify the structures found in the root of the neck.
7. Identify the branches of the carotid arteries in the neck.
8. Visualize and relate structures of the neck with respect to adjacent structures.
Pharynx
Upon completion of this unit, the student should be able to:
1. Describe the musculature associated with the pharynx.
2. Describe the nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx in terms of their locations, blood supplies and innervations.
Larynx
Upon completion of this unit, the student should be able to:
Identify and describe the cartilages that are related to the larynx.
- Identify and describe the membranes that are related to the larynx.
- Identify the various parts of the laryngeal inlet and cavity.
- Describe the nerves supplying the laryngeal mucosa.
- Describe the muscles associated with the larynx.
- Describe the nerves supplying the laryngeal muscles.
- Describe the arteries that supply the larynx.
- Visualize and relate structures of the larynx with respect to adjacent structures.
Nose, Nasal Cavity, Pterygopalatine Fossa
Upon completion of this unit, the student should be able to:
Identify and describe the bony skeleton of the nasal cavity and pterygopalatine fossa.
- Identify and describe the blood vessels and nerves supplying the nasal cavity.
- Identify and describe the structures related to the nasal cavity and pterygopalatine fossa.
- Identify the bony openings into the pterygopalatine fossa.
- Describe the pathways for nerve fibers and blood vessels that pass through the pterygopalatine fossa.
- Describe the pathways for fibers that pass through or synapse in the pterygopalatine ganglion.
Palatine Area
Upon completion of this unit, the student should be able to:
1. Describe the hard and soft palates.
2. Identify the muscles associated with the soft palate.
3. Describe the nerve supply to the muscles and mucosa of the hard and soft palates.
Oral Cavity
Upon completion of this unit, the student should be able to:
1. Identify the musculature of the tongue.
2. Identify the nerves and vessels supplying the mucosa and musculature of the tongue.
3. Identify and visualize the muscles of the floor of the mouth and their nerve supply.
4. Visualize the structures of the sublingual area.
5. Identify the nerves that pass through or synapse in the submandibular ganglion.
| 
