Within the popliteal fossa, the popliteal artery and vein are surrounded by a vascular sheath. Open the vascular sheath and separate the popliteal vein from the underlying popliteal artery. Verify that the small saphenous vein joins the popliteal vein.

To best observe the popliteal artery and its branches, it will be necessary to retract or remove the popliteal vein and its branches.

Note: Review the relationship of the nerves, veins, and arteries within the popliteal fossa. The common peroneal and tibial nerves are most superficial, the popliteal vein and its branches are intermediate in position, and the popliteal artery and its branches are most deep and lie adjacent to the femur, tibia, and the knee joint capsule.