p3-ih-faculty
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Division
of Environmental and Industrial Hygiene
Faculty and Research
Dr. Amit
Bhattacharya, Professor
Research in Progress:
The major focus of research in Dr.
Bhattacharya’s laboratories deals with the effect of physical and chemical
risk factors on the neuromuscular performance in humans.
Currently, two NIOSH sponsored studies are
carried out to evaluate postural instability and fall potential of all risk
factors in industrial workers' task performance. These tasks simulate
conditions which occur in nonoccupational and occupational environments. The
data collected in this project are used to develop a model showing the
relationship between fall potential and the independent variables
characterizing the Environmental, Job-Task, Shoe Friction and Personal risk
factors. In future field studies, this model can be used to help evaluate the
fall potential by measuring, in a walk-through evaluation, existing risk
factors at the worksite. A determination of which of the risk factors
need to be corrected to reduce fall potential will then be possible.
Availability of such models will have a significant impact in identifying risk
factors and their relative impact on fall potential of task performance on
surfaces which may be slippery, inclined and/or elevated.
Two additional projects sponsored by NIEHS
and private sector use the quantitative posturography technique for evaluating
the neurotoxicity of chemical exposure in humans. The NIEHS sponsored project
is designed to evaluate the effectiveness of a chelation therapy program in
improving postural balance among 200 children.
Recent Publications:
Bhattacharya, A., Smelser, D. T.,
Berger, O., Shukla, R., and Medvedovic, M. Effect of succimer therapy on
postural balance of a nine year old child: A case study, Neurotoxicology.
(In press).
Bagchee, A., Bhattacharya, A.,
Succop, P., and Emerich, R. Postural stability assessment during task
performance, Occupational Ergonomics. (In press).
Smith, L. B., Bhattacharya, A.,
Lemasters, G., Succop, P., Puhala, E., Medvedovic, M., and Joyce, J. (1997).
Effect of Chronic Low Level Exposure to Jet Fuel on Postural Balance of U.S.
Air Force Personnel, J. of Occupational and Environmental
Medicine. 39(7):623-632.
Wang, B., Bhattacharya, A., Bagchee,
A., and Wang, W. (1997). Kinematic Methods for quantitating loss of balance
while negotiating a curved path on a slippery surface, J. Of Testing and
Evaluation.25(1):135-142.
Shiow-yi, Chiou, Bhattacharya, A., and
Succop, P. A. (1996). Effect of workers' shoe wear on objective and subjective
assessment of slipperiness, American Industrial Hygiene Journal.
57:825-831.
Wang, Wenjian, and Bhattacharya, A.
(1996). A back-propagation neural network model for predicting loss of
balance" Institute of Electrical & Electronics Engineering (IEEE)
Proceedings (peer-reviewed) of the 15th Southern Biomedical Engineering
Conference, Pub. # 0-7803-3131-1/96, pp:85-88.
Kuo, Wei., Bhattacharya, A., Succop,
P., and Linz, D. (1996). Postural stability assessment in sewer workers, J.
of Occupational and Environmental Medicine. 38(1):27-34.
More about Dr.
A. Bhattacharya in his homepage.
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Faculty
Dr.
C. Scott Clark, Professor
Ph. D., Johns Hopkins University, 1975
Director of Environmental and Industrial Hygiene Division
Research in Progress:
 | Waste Processing Industry Exposures,
Residential Lead Exposures and Abatement |
| Exposure and Risk Assessment |
Recent Publications:
Ewers, L., Clark, S., Menrath, W.,
Succop, P., and Bornschein, R. (1994). Clean-up of lead in household carpet
and floor dust, Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. 55(7):650-657.
Betemps, E. J., Buncher, C. R., and Clark,
C. S. (1994). Proportional mortality analysis of wastewater treatment
system workers by birthplace with comments on amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, JOM.
36(1):31-35.
Clark, S., Bornschein, R. L., Pan, W.,
Menrath, W., and Coda, S. (1995). An examination of the relationships between
the HUD floor lead loading clearance level for lead-based paint abatement,
surface dust lead by a vacuum collection method and pediatric blood level, Appl.
Occup. Environ. Hig. 10(2):107-110.
Clark, S., Bornschein, R. L., Pan, W.,
Menrath, W., Roda, S., and Grote, JoAnn. (1996). The relationship between
surface dust lead loadings on carpets and the blood lead of young children, Environ.
Geochem. & Health. 18: 143-146.
Clark, S., and Scarpino, P. (1996).
Disinfection of Microbial Aerosols, in Modeling Disease Transmission and
Its Prevention by Disinfection, C. Hurst, ed. Cambridge University Press,
Chapter 7.
Outreach Activities:
| Member, Research Advisory Committee,
National Center for Lead-Safety Housing. |
| Consulting in the areas of residential
lead poisoning prevention program on development & evaluation &
municipal wastewater treatment system exposure. |
| Industrial hygiene program evaluation
review for NIOSH, Advisory Committee for Water Research Foundation and
Cincinnati Waterworks. |
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Dr. Sergey
A. Grinshpun, Associate Professor
Research in Progress:
Dr. Grinshpun’s current research activity
focuses on five areas:
| experimental and theoretical evaluation of
existing methods for aerosol sampling and analysis and development of new
techniques for stationary and personal aerosol sampling; |
| investigation of viable and non-viable
airborne microorganisms in indoor and outdoor air environments; |
| laboratory and field study on the behavior
and transport of leaded particulates in indoor environments; |
| development and evaluation of aerosol
generators; and |
| evaluation of respiratory protection
techniques with dust particles and microorganisms. |
Recent Publications:
Grinshpun, S. A., Reponen, T., and
Willeke, K. (1997). Aerosol Characteristics of Airborne Actinomycetes and
Fungi, Proceedings of the European Aerosol Conference (Hamburg,
Germany, September 15-19, 1997), Journal of Aerosol Science.
28:667-668.
Grinshpun, S. A., Willeke, K.,
Ulevicius, V., Juozaitis, A., Terzieva, S., Donelly, J., Stelma, G. N., and
Brenner, K. (1997). Effect of Impaction, Bounce and Reaerosolization on
Collection Efficiency of Impingers, Aerosol Science and Technology.
26(4):326-342.
Lin, X., Willeke, K., Ulevicius, V., and Grinshpun,
S. A. (1997). Effect of Sampling Time on the Collection Efficiency of
All-Glass Impingers, American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal.
58(7):480-488.
Hauck, B. C., Grinshpun, S. A.,
Reponen, A., Reponen, T., Willeke, K., and Bornschein, R. L. (1997). Field
Testing of New Aerosol Sampling Method with a Porous Curved Surface as Inlet, American
Industrial Hygiene Association Journal. 58(10):713-719.
Reponen, T., Gazenko, S.V., Grinshpun, S.A.,
Willeke, K., and Cole, E.C. (1998). Characteristics of Airborne Actinomycete
Spores, Journal of Applied Microbiology. (In press)
Aizenberg, V., Bidinger, E., Grinshpun, S.
A., Willeke, K., Hamed, A., and Tabakoff, W. (1998). Airflow and Particle
Velocities Near a Personal Aerosol Sampler with a Curved, Porous Aerosol
Sampling Surface, Aerosol Science and Technology. 28:247-258.
Outreach Activities:
Since mid-1980's Dr. Grinshpun has been a
guest lecturer as well as an invited speaker, panelist, organizing committee
member and session chair at national and international conferences in Austria,
Czech Republic, Denmark, Germany, Great Britain, Finland, France, Japan,
Poland, Sweden, Ukraine and the USA. He is currently the Project Coordinator
of NATO collaborative research effort on environmental security (with Kyiv
University in Ukraine).
Awards:
Among several national and international
awards received by Dr. Grinshpun, received the 1996 International
Smoliuchowski Award given by the European Aerosol Assembly to one scientist
per year worldwide "in recognition of the significant contribution to
aerosol science".
More about Dr.
S.A. Grinshpun in his home page and in the
Aerosol Research and Exposure Assessment Laboratory
page.
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Dr. Koka
Jayasimhulu, Field Service Associate Professor
Research in Progress:
Dr. Jayasimhulu as a mass spectrometrist,
identifies and characterizes unknown organic compounds of biomedical and
environmental significance with particular focus on biodegradation and
metabolic intermediates and lipid analysis and characterization.
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Dr. Tiina
Reponen, Research Associate Professor
Research in Progress:
Dr. Reponen's research efforts are focused on
different aspects of bioaerosol exposure in residential and occupational
environments. She conducts research on the physical and microbiological
characterization of airborne actinomycete and fungal spores and uses the data
for modeling of the respiratory deposition of bioaerosol particles.
Characterization of bioaerosols also includes research on production and
aerosolization of bioaerosols under natural and laboratory conditions. She is
also involved in research on the control of airborne microorganisms by
filtration. One of these projects deals with the survival of bacteria on
health care respirators, another project with filtration of bioaerosols with
ventilation filters.
Recent Publications:
Rautiala, S., Reponen, T., Hyvarinen,
A., Nevalainen, A., Husman, T., Vehvilainen, A., and Kalliokoski, P. (1996).
Exposure to microbes during the repair of moldy buildings, American
Industrial Hygiene Association Journal. 57:279-284.
Reponen, T., Willeke, K., Ulevicius,
V., Reponen, A., and Grinshpun, S. A. (1996). Effect of relative humidity on
aerodynamic size and respiratory deposition of fungal spores, Atmospheric
Environment. 30:3967-3974.
Reponen, T., Willeke, K., Ulevicius,
V., Grinshpun, S. A., and Donnelly, J. (1997). Techniques for dispersion of
microorganisms into air, Aerosol Science and Technology. 27:405-421.
Outreach Activities:
Member of the Editorial Advisory Board of
Aerosol Science and Technology Journal.
Other areas of interest:
Exposure assessment of indoor air pollutants.
More about Dr.
T. Reponen in her home page and in the
Aerosol Research and Exposure Assessment Laboratory
page.
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Dr. Carol
Rice, Associate Professor
Research in Progress:
Dr. Carol Rice in a certified industrial
hygienist with extensive experience in exposure assessment in both the
residential and occupational settings. In 1977, she provided one of the first
reports documenting the risk of lead absorption among children exposed to
particulate carried home on clothing from the workplace. She has developed and
validated instruments to record reported employee activities in the refractory
ceramic fiber industry and has recently received funding to extend the
methodology in the auto industry. In numerous studies, Dr. Rice has developed
questionnaires, prepared instrument documentation and specifications, trained
personnel and conducted pilot evaluations and follow-up. As part of an
Institute of Medicine committee on indoor aeroallergens, Dr. Rice assembled
data from multiple studies and conducted a risk assessment which revealed a
linear relationship between the log of cumulative dust mite allergen exposure
and percent sensitized across various populations. Since 1987, Dr. Rice has
directed the NIEHS-supported Midwest Consortium for Hazardous Waste Worker
Training which currently maintains nine training centers in eight states in
order to provide training for approximately 5,000 workers annually. Expertise
from this project was used in the development of the training programs for
employees in the Cincinnati Soil Lead Abatement Demonstration Project. She is
Deputy Director of the Environmental and Industrial Hygiene Training program.
Recent Publications:
Hall, G., Rice, C., Lockey, J.,
Lemasters, G., and Gartside, P. (1997). A Comparison of Exposures to
Refractory Ceramic Fibers Over Multiple Shifts, The Annals Occupational
Hygiene. 41(5):550-560.
Rice, C., Checkoway, H., Dosemecci,
M., Stewart, P., and Blair, A. (1997). Effects of Exposure Estimation
Procedures on the Evaluation of Exposure-Response Relationships for Silicosis,
Annals Occup. Hyg. 41(1):485-490.
Rice, C., Lockey, J. E., Lemasters, G.
K, et al. (1997). Estimation of Historical and Current Employee Exposure to
Refractory Ceramic Fibers During Manufacturing and Related Operations, App.
Occup. Environ. Hyg. 12(1):54-61.
Cheu, J., Talaska, G., Miller, M., Rice,
C., and Warshawsky, D. (1996). Benzo(a)pyrene Coated Ferric Oxide and
Aluminum Oxide Particles: Uptake, Metabolism and DNA Binding in Hamster
Pulmonary Alveolar Macrophages and Tracheal Epithelial Cells in vitro, Carcinogenesis.
18:167-175.
Lockey, J., Lemasters, G., Rice, C.,
et al. (1996). A Retrospective Cohort and Nested Case Control Study of
Exposure to Refractory Ceramic Fibers and Pleural Plaques, Am. J. of Resp.
and Critical Care Med. 154:1405-1410.
Rosenman, K. D., Reilly, M. J., Rice, C.,
Hertzberg, V., Tseng, C., and Anderson, H. A. (1996). Silicosis Among Foundry
Workers: Implication for the Need to Revise the OSHA Standard, Am. J.
Epidemiology. 144(9):890-900.
Berger, P. K., Gunto, S. J., Haley, J. V.,
and Rice, C., (1996). Estimating the Impact of Health and Safety
Training Using the Retrospective Pretest Design, Appl. Occup. Env. Hyg.
II (10):1198-1203.
Weaver, C. L., Berger, P. K., Rice, C.,
Dwyer, R., and Gunto, S. J. (1996). Perceptions of Site Worker Training and
Job Issues by Women, Minorities, and White Males: Survey Results and
Recommendations to Improve Training, New Solutions. 59-67.
Seiler, D., Rice, C., Herrick, R., and
Hertzberg, V. (1996). A Study of Beryllium Exposure Measurements: Part 1. The
Estimation and Categorization of Average Exposures from Daily Weighted Average
Data in the Beryllium Industry, Appl. Occup. Envir. Ind. Hyg.
II(2):89-97.
Seiler, D., Rice, C., Herrick, R., and
Hertzberg, V. (1996). A Study of Beryllium Exposure Measurements: Part 2. An
Evaluation of the Components of Exposure in the Beryllium Processing Industry,
Appl. Occup. Env. Ind. Hyg. II(2):98-102.
Rice, C., Lockey, J., Lemasters, G.,
Levin, L., and Gartside, P. (1996). Identification of Changes in Airborne
Fibre Concentrations in Refractory Ceramic Fibre Manufacture Related to
Process or Ventilation Modifications, Occupational Hygiene. 3:85-90.
Outreach Activities:
Director, Midwest Consortium for Hazardous
Waste worker training: providing hands-on training at 10 centers in 8
Midwestern states for compliance with 29CFR 1910.120.
Awards:
Past President, American Conference of
Governmental Industrial Hygienists.
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Dr. M.
Wilson Tabor, Professor
Ph.D., 1974, University of
Cincinnati
Research in Progress:
The primary objective of the research program
is to investigate the biochemical toxicology of xenobiotics and the
relationships of hazardous substances and xenobiotics in the environment and
human exposures. This program is comprised of four principal research areas:
| Environmental chemistry/metabolic
microbial biochemistry with the objective of the development, assessment,
and optimization of the aerobic microbial degradation of hazardous
wastes. The major goal of these investigations is to develop
microbial systems to aerobically biodegrade azo dyes and related dye
stuffs into innocuous products. |
| Environmental analytical chemistry/bioanalytical
toxicology with the objective of the development of analytical techniques
to: a] separate complex environmental mixtures and biological matrices
into components that can be identified chemically and characterized
biochemically as xenobiotics and toxicants; b] determine environmental
persistence, prevalence, fate and transport of hazardous
chemicals utilizing both experimental determinations of properties of
chemicals and modeling techniques utilizing molecular modeling and QSAR
computational methodologies; and c] assess both human exposure,
i. e. biomonitoring techniques, and intra-individual
variability of toxic response, i.e. toxicogenetic basis,
from environmental exposures. |
| Mechanistic/metabolic biochemical
toxicology with the objective of the elucidation of the pathways of
biotransformation of xenobiotics, the mechanisms of toxicity for the
metabolic intermediates of these compounds and the genetic basis
of interindividual differences in response to exposure. This
effort includes studies of the mechanisms of chemoprotection against
environmental insults, structure activity correlations of chemoprotection
versus xenobiotic toxicity utilizing QSAR techniques, and toxicogenetic
studies to assess exposure to arsenic and to determine interindividual
differences in xenobiotic metabolism by developing metabolic biomarker
screening techniques. |
| Application of basic research and other
techniques to Environmental Exposure Assessment processes and to the
understanding of the Environmental Toxicology of hazardous substances. |
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Dr. Glenn
Talaska, Associate Professor
Ph.D., 1986, University of
Texas
Research in Progress:
Dr.Talaska studies the interaction between
occupational exposure to carcinogens and genetic susceptibility, development
and validation of biomarkers of human exposure and effect for compounds such
as benzene and perchloroethylene.
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Dr. Klaus
Willeke, Professor
Research in Progress:
Dr. Willeke’s present research projects
include fundamental and applied work on the sampling and analysis of airborne
particles and microorganisms, and the characterization of their physical and
biological components; the development of new aerosol measurement devices; the
development of new respiratory protection techniques; deposition of inhaled
aerosols in the human respiratory system; therapeutic drug delivery by aerosol
means; and dynamic measurement of industrial and environmental aerosols. He
holds four patents, has authored or co-authored over 145 peer-reviewed
publications, and has published one book on aerosol measurement and one on
aerosol generation. Several of the concepts generated by him have been
incorporated into commercially available instruments. Over 20 scholars have
spent or are currently spending a year or more working with him and his team
of researchers. His co-authors represent 24 different nationalities.
Recent Publications:
Buttner, M. P., Willeke, K., and
Grinshpun, S. A. (1996). Sampling and Analysis of Airborne Microorganisms, in:
Manual of Environmental Microbiology, C. J. Hurst, ed. Amer. Soc.
Microbiology, Washington, D.C., pp. 629-640.
Ulevicius, V., Willeke, K., Grinshpun,
S. A., Donnelly, J., Lin, X., and Mainelis, G. (1997). Aerosolization of
Particles from a Bubbling Liquid: Characteristics and Generator Development, Aerosol
Sci. & Technol. 26:175-190.
Lin, X. J., Willeke, K., Ulevicius,
V., and Grinshpun, S. A. (1997). Effect of Sampling Time on the Collection
Efficiency of All-Glass Impingers, Amer. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J.
58:480-488.
Qian, Y., Willeke, K., Grinshpun, S. A.,
Donnelly, J., and Coffey, C. C. (1998). Performance of N95 Respirators:
Filtration Efficiency for Airborne Microbial and Inert Particles, Amer.
Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. 59:128-132.
Outreach Activities:
NATO "Linkage" with scientific
institutions in Lithuania.
Awards:
Three "Best Aerosol Paper" awards,
the "John White Award," and the "International Aerosol Fellow
Award" which is given every two years by the International Aerosol
Research Assembly, the umbrella organization of all national and
discipline-specific aerosol societies.
More about Dr.
K.Willeke in his home page and in the
Aerosol Research and Exposure Assessment Laboratory
page.
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